In 1987, James Kouzes and Barry Posner identified five characteristics of what they call exemplary leaders:
1. Leaders challenge the process. Leaders search for opportunities. They experiment and take risks, constantly challenging other people to exceed their own limitations.
2. Leaders inspire a shared vision. Leaders envision an enabling future and enlist people to join in that new directions.
3. Leaders enable others to act. Leaders strengthen others and foster collaboration.
4. Leaders model the way. Leaders set the example for people by their own leadership behaviour and they plan small wins to get the process moving.
5. Leaders encourage the heart. They regard and recognize individual contributions and they celebrate team successes.
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